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Hepatitis A

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Nb: Hepatitis is a collective term used to describe a range of conditions, which cause inflammation of the liver, commonly as a result of viral infection. There are several different types of viral hepatitis. See also Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C.

This form, also known as 'infectious hepatitis', is spread by the ingestion of material, contaminated by infected faeces. It can be transmitted through contaminated food, such as shellfish and ice cream, water and other drinks. The disease often arises in areas of poor hygiene and sanitation and can be spread on by contact with faecal material, In places where it occurs frequently such as developing countries, infection may occur in children in early in life, but often goes unnoticed.

It usually produces the most severe symptoms in adults. Following a two to six week incubation of the virus and a period of nausea, poor appetite, joint pain and fever, the sufferer can become jaundiced, often with an enlarged liver and spleen. The most infectious stage of the disease is just before the patient becomes jaundiced. After this, the patient sheds the virus in the faeces, which acts as a source of the infection. Sufferers usually recover and don't carry the disease in the long term. Recovery results in lifelong immunity.

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