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Overview
The term stress is used more
and more widely and is notoriously hard to define. One person's stressful
situation is another person's challenge. But too much stress on the
body and mind can and does have damaging effects on health. There's
no denying the extent of the problem. Work-related stress alone was
responsible for six million days of sick leave in the UK last year.
What makes us stressed?
A whole range of factors can lead to stress. External factors play a
part, of course, but it depends to a large extent on how we react to
them. Over-stimulation of the system through attempting to do too much
too fast is one way to end up stressed. Not being able to talk about
and release pressures in the family, in key relationships, at work etc
can be another trigger. Many people feel too many demands are made on
them in the workplace and they have no choice but to comply. Conversely,
too little pressure can lead to self-doubt, worry and stress.
Feelings of alienation, lack of purpose and helplessness all increase
the chances of stress. It is often associated with poverty and unemployment.
The energy equation behind stress
As the word suggests, stress involves imposing too much strain or load
on the system with which we can cope. In other words stress results
when we don't have the energy to deal with a particular situation or
perceived threat. That energy can be lost and regained in several ways,
but diet and lifestyle are particularly important.
All stressors and stimulants use up our energy, the price paid for a
short boost of concentration and alertness. Alcohol, hard drugs, smoking,
caffeine and an excess of refined carbohydrates and sugars can all contribute
to this energy drain, depleting vital nutrients and increasing the likelihood
of stress.
What happens when we are stressed?
Body chemistry changes significantly every time someone reacts stressfully.
The cycle starts when we perceive a situation that requires immediate
attention. If that situation spells real danger - a child about to step
into the road, for instance - then the stress proves its worth by enabling
us to act fast. Rapid signals stimulate the production of adrenaline,
the heart pounds, breathing quickens, stores of glucose are released
into the blood, the muscles tense - the whole system is ready to spring
into action.
If a similar process is happening frequently and to no good purpose,
then stress levels build up and energy levels run down. Every muscle
that is tensed is consuming energy, vitamins and minerals. Frequently
people then increase their intake of stimulants - and get locked into
a vicious cycle.
What are the health risks from stress?
High stress is linked with an enormous number of serious health problems.
High blood pressure, mental problems including depression and anxiety-related
disorders, ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, menstrual problems in women,
premature ejaculation for men, hair loss, skin complaints, heart disease,
asthma and cancers. Other diseases such as multiple sclerosis, diabetes
and herpes can be aggravated by stress.
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